| Some Known Etiological Factors of
Congenital Heart Diseases Fetal alcohol syndrome:
VSD, ASD, TOF, CoAO
Fetal Hydantoin syndrome:
VSD, TOF, PS, PDA, ASD, CoAo
Fetal thalidomide syndrome:
Conotruncal malformation
Fetal Warfarin syndrome:
PDA, PPS
Maternal PKU:
TOF, VSD, CoAo
Maternal Lupus:
CAVB, cardiomyopathy, L-TGA
Fetal Rubella syndrome:
PDA, PPS, VSD, ASD, fibromuscular and intimal proliferation of medium and large arteries.
Lithium:
Ebsteins malformation
Tricuspid atresia:
ASD
Maternal Diabetes:
TGA, VSD, CoAo, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Downs syndrome:
40% have CHD, these include: AVC, VSD, ASD, TOF, PDA, from most common to least
common
CHD in Downs syndrome decreases life expectancy from 80% at 30 years to 50%
Trisomy 18:
VSD, polyvalvar disease
Sub PS:
Trisomy 13:80% of cases: VSD, PDA, ASD, CoAo, dextrocardia, complex defects
Turner syndrome:
CoAo, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic dilatation, dissection and rupture
Noonan syndrome:
In 50% of cases: PS, conduction abnormalities (SAD), ASD, VSD, TOF, sub AS, complex
CHD |